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    Escribe un nombre: Júpiter, Orión, M42, Perseidas, una ciudad. Ctrl+K o / abre el buscador en cualquier página.

    Fuentes de datos

    Cada número de este sitio se calcula con una biblioteca de código abierto o procede de una fuente de datos citada. Esta página las enumera con sus licencias y créditos. Se genera a partir de los mismos registros que usa la compilación, por lo que siempre coincide con lo que publica el sitio.

    Cálculos

    FuenteUsoLicencia
    Astronomy EnginePosiciones, salidas y puestas, crepúsculos, fases de la Luna, eclipses, constelacionesMIT
    three.jsVista 3DMIT
    postprocessingVista 3DZlib
    GeoNamesBusca una ciudad o un lugarCC BY 4.0
    satellite.jsPredicción de pasos de satélites (SGP4)MIT
    astronomiaLunas y anillos de Saturno, meridiano central de Júpiter (Jean Meeus, Astronomical Algorithms)MIT

    Catálogos de estrellas, constelaciones y cielo profundo

    FuenteUsoLicenciaCrédito
    HYG Database v4.4 (astronexus)stars-6.5.bin
    8920 registros    		CC BY-SA 4.0Star data: HYG Database (astronexus), CC BY-SA 4.0
    HYG Database v4.4 (astronexus)stars-9.bin
    74.556 registros    		CC BY-SA 4.0Star data: HYG Database (astronexus), CC BY-SA 4.0
    HYG Database v4.4 (astronexus)stars-named.json
    88 registros    		CC BY-SA 4.0Star data: HYG Database (astronexus), CC BY-SA 4.0
    Stellarium sky cultures, westernconstellations.json
    88 registros    		CC BY-SAConstellation lines: Stellarium team, CC BY-SA
    OpenNGCdso.json
    404 registros    		CC BY-SA 4.0Deep-sky data: OpenNGC, CC BY-SA 4.0

    Datos de referencia en las páginas

    FuenteUsoLicenciaCrédito
    Computed with Astronomy Engine (src/lib/sky/solareclipse.ts); places from GeoNames (cities15000 and alternate names)eclipse-2027.jsonComputed data; places: GeoNames, CC BY 4.0Eclipse path computed with Astronomy Engine (MIT) and checked against NASA (Fred Espenak, GSFC); places: GeoNames, CC BY 4.0
    Natural Earth 1:10m Cultural Vectors, Admin 0 countriesbasemap-eclipse.jsonPublic domainMap data: Natural Earth (public domain)
    NASA GSFC eclipse tables (Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus, Five Millennium Canon)nasa-eclipses.jsonPublic domain (NASA)Eclipse predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA GSFC
    IAU Meteor Data Center, list of established showersmeteor-showers.jsonScientific database; cite Jenniskens et al. 2020 (Planetary and Space Science 182, 104821)Meteor shower data: IAU Meteor Data Center (Jenniskens et al. 2020)
    IAU constellation boundaries (via Astronomy Engine), Stellarium western sky culture (names, lines) and its translations, HYG Database v4.4 (stars), OpenNGC (deep-sky objects)constellations.jsonCC BY-SA 4.0 (Stellarium sky culture, HYG, OpenNGC); Stellarium translations GPL-2.0-or-later; boundaries public domain (IAU)Constellation names and lines: Stellarium team and translators, CC BY-SA; star data: HYG Database (astronexus), CC BY-SA 4.0; deep-sky data: OpenNGC, CC BY-SA 4.0
    HYG Database v4.4 (astronexus)stars.jsonCC BY-SA 4.0Star data: HYG Database (astronexus), CC BY-SA 4.0
    OpenNGCmessier.jsonCC BY-SA 4.0Deep-sky data: OpenNGC, CC BY-SA 4.0
    NASA, JPL, ESA and NSSDCA mission pages; JPL Horizons (IDs, coverage)spacecraft.jsonFacts from public pages; text written for AstrotempoMission data: NASA, JPL, ESA, NSSDCA; trajectories: JPL Horizons
    NASA NSSDCA Planetary Fact Sheet and Sun Fact Sheetnasa-factsheet.jsonUS government workPlanetary data: NASA NSSDCA fact sheets
    NASA, ESA and NOAA pages, one per entry (see each entry)planet-timelines.jsonFacts from public pages; text written for AstrotempoTimelines: NASA Science, NSSDCA, ESA, NOAA
    NASA NSSDCA Saturnian Rings Fact Sheetsaturn-rings.jsonUS government workRing dimensions: NASA NSSDCA
    JUPOS (Jupiter Database of Positions): Great Red Spot longitude chartgrs.jsonFact (a measured longitude) quoted with creditGreat Red Spot longitude: JUPOS team (jupos.org)
    NASA/JPL Small-Body Database APIfamous-comets.jsonUS government dataOrbits of famous comets: NASA/JPL Small-Body Database
    JPL Solar System Dynamics: Planetary Satellite Physical Parametersmoon-sizes.jsonUS government workMoon sizes: NASA/JPL Solar System Dynamics
    NOAA NCEI ISCCP-H basic monthly means (HGM), variable cldamtcloud/No constraints on data access or use (licence statement in the data files)Cloud cover: NOAA NCEI, International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP-H). Coastlines: Natural Earth
    NASA Hubble Messier Catalogmessier photosNASA images: public domain under the NASA media usage guidelines; ESA/Hubble images: CC BY 4.0. Each photo carries its own credit.Messier photos: NASA, ESA and the Hubble teams (credit line per photo)
    Sidney Hall, Urania's Mirror (1824)constellations/Public domainSidney Hall, Urania's Mirror (1824), Library of Congress, restored by Adam Cuerden, via Wikimedia Commons; Sidney Hall, Urania's Mirror (1824), scan from the collection of John Dolby, restored by Adam Cuerden, via Wikimedia Commons; Sidney Hall, Urania's Mirror (1824), National Museums of Scotland, via Wikimedia Commons
    Johannes Hevelius, Firmamentum Sobiescianum (1690)constellations/Public domainJohannes Hevelius, Firmamentum Sobiescianum (1690), hand-coloured copy (Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps), via Wikimedia Commons; Johannes Hevelius, Firmamentum Sobiescianum (1690), e-rara.ch, via Wikimedia Commons
    Johann Elert Bode, Uranographia (1801)constellations/Public domainJohann Elert Bode, Uranographia (1801), David Rumsey Map Collection, via Wikimedia Commons
    Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille, Planisphère contenant les constellations célestes (1756)constellations/Public domainNicolas-Louis de Lacaille, southern planisphere in the Mémoires de l'Académie royale des sciences for 1752 (1756), Bibliothèque nationale de France, via Wikimedia Commons
    Johann Bayer, Uranometria (1603)constellations/Public domainJohann Bayer, Uranometria (1603; 1655 printing, engraved by Alexander Mair), David Rumsey Map Collection, via Wikimedia Commons
    NASA/JPL Small-Body Database Query APIlive/smallbodies.jsonUS government dataOrbits: NASA/JPL Small-Body Database
    NASA/JPL CNEOS Close-Approach Data APIlive/neo-approaches.jsonUS government dataClose approaches: NASA/JPL CNEOS
    CelesTrak GP datalive/satellites.jsonCelesTrak usage policyOrbital data: CelesTrak
    JPL Horizons Systemlive/spacecraft.jsonUS government dataSpacecraft positions: NASA/JPL Horizons
    NASA news feeds (www.nasa.gov) and NASA Photojournal (science.nasa.gov)live/nasa.jsonNASA media usage guidelines (credit NASA; no endorsement implied): https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/News and images: NASA (credit line of each image as published)

    Imágenes y texturas 3D

    FuenteLicenciaCrédito
    NASA SVS Deep Star Maps 2020, milkyway_2020_4k.exrPublic domain unless otherwise noted (NASA SVS)NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Scientific Visualization Studio. Gaia DR2: ESA/Gaia/DPAC
    NASA SVS CGI Moon Kit: lroc_color_16bit_srgb_4k.tif (LRO LROC colour), ldem_16_uint.tif (LRO LOLA elevation)

    Normal map derived from elevation with relief exaggerated x3. The colour map is optimised for appearance, not science (per the source page).

    		Public domain unless otherwise noted (NASA SVS)NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio
    Solar System Scope textures: 8k_saturn.jpg, 8k_saturn_ring_alpha.png

    Ring radial scale fitted to NASA radii (NSSDCA Saturnian Rings Fact Sheet): the texture's Cassini Division inner edge to 117,507 km and its A ring outer edge to 136,780 km, giving a span of 69,303 to 141,036 km. The texture is artistic; finer ring features can be off by a few thousand km.

    		CC BY 4.0Saturn textures: Solar System Scope (solarsystemscope.com), CC BY 4.0, based on NASA imagery
    Poly Haven HDRI "Autumn Field", tonemapped JPG

    Edited: the photographed sky (and the Sun in it) is cut out, so the computed sky shows above the landscape. A photo of one place, not the terrain at the selected location.

    		CC0 (no attribution required; credited anyway)Horizon photo: Sergej Majboroda, Poly Haven (CC0)
    Solar System Scope textures: 2k_mercury, 2k_venus_atmosphere, 2k_earth_daymap, 2k_mars, 2k_jupiter, 2k_uranus, 2k_neptune, 2k_sun; 8k_mercury, 4k_venus_atmosphere, 8k_mars, 8k_jupiter, 8k_sun (resized to 4K)

    The source page says unmapped areas on some bodies are filled with fictional terrain.

    		CC BY 4.0Planet textures: Solar System Scope (solarsystemscope.com), CC BY 4.0, based on NASA imagery
    NASA Blue Marble Next Generation, August 2004 (world.topo.bathy.200408); NASA Black Marble 2016 (3 km)Public domain (NASA media usage guidelines: https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/)Earth: NASA Earth Observatory, Blue Marble Next Generation by Reto Stöckli; night lights: NASA Earth Observatory, Black Marble 2016, Suomi NPP VIIRS data
    NASA image NHQ201708210100, total solar eclipse of 21 August 2017 above Madras, Oregon

    A real corona from 2017; the corona changes from eclipse to eclipse, so the one of 2027 will look different.

    		Public domain (NASA media usage guidelines: https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/)Corona: NASA/Aubrey Gemignani (2017 eclipse)

    Fotografías

    FuenteLicenciaCrédito
    The Milky Way above a yellow-green airglow over the Atlantic, photographed from the International Space StationPublic domain (NASA media usage guidelines: https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/)NASA
    Comet NEOWISE (C/2020 F3) before sunrise over Washington, 12 July 2020Public domain (NASA media usage guidelines: https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/)NASA/Bill Ingalls
    Comet C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan-ATLAS) photographed from the International Space Station, 28 September 2024Public domain (NASA media usage guidelines: https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/)NASA
    A Perseid meteor in a 30-second exposure, Spruce Knob, West Virginia, 11 August 2021Public domain (NASA media usage guidelines: https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/)NASA/Bill Ingalls
    Aurora australis photographed by the Expedition 23 crew of the International Space Station, 29 May 2010Public domain (NASA media usage guidelines: https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/)NASA
    The International Space Station in silhouette as it transits the Moon, Alexandria, Virginia, 30 January 2018Public domain (NASA media usage guidelines: https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/)NASA/Bill Ingalls
    A crescent Moon with earthshine and the planet Venus, photographed from the International Space Station, 28 April 2003Public domain (NASA media usage guidelines: https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/)NASA
    Saturn and its rings in natural colour, a mosaic of 126 Cassini images from October 2004Public domain (NASA/JPL image use policy: https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/jpl-image-use-policy/)NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute
    Jupiter in true colour, a mosaic of Cassini narrow-angle camera images from December 2000Public domain (NASA/JPL image use policy: https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/jpl-image-use-policy/)NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute
    Europe, Africa and the Middle East at night: Suomi NPP day-night band data from April and October 2012 over Blue Marble imageryPublic domain (NASA media usage guidelines: https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/)NASA Earth Observatory/NOAA NGDC
    Star trails above the atmosphere and Earth at night, a long exposure by NASA astronaut Jeanette Epps from the International Space Station, 1 October 2024Public domain (NASA media usage guidelines: https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/)NASA
    Total solar eclipse of 21 August 2017, totality above Madras, OregonPublic domain (NASA media usage guidelines: https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/)NASA/Aubrey Gemignani
    Annular solar eclipse of 14 October 2023 (NASA SVS 14450)Public domain (NASA media usage guidelines: https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/)NASA/Jim Spann
    Partial solar eclipse of 10 June 2021: the crescent Sun rising beside the US Capitol, from Arlington, VirginiaPublic domain (NASA media usage guidelines: https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/)NASA/Bill Ingalls
    Total lunar eclipse of 14 March 2025 seen from NASA Glenn, Brook Park, OhioPublic domain (NASA media usage guidelines: https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/)NASA/Jordan Cochran
    Partial phase of the lunar eclipse of 14 March 2025 seen from NASA Glenn, Brook Park, OhioPublic domain (NASA media usage guidelines: https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/)NASA/Jordan Cochran
    The Sun in extreme ultraviolet light (false colour) with a prominence erupting from its edge, seen by NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory on 16 April 2012Public domain (NASA media usage guidelines: https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/)NASA/GSFC/SDO
    Mercury as Never Seen Before: Mercury photographed by NASA’s MESSENGER spacecraft (released 7 October 2008)Public domain (NASA/JPL image use policy: https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/jpl-image-use-policy/)NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Carnegie Institution of Washington
    Venus from Mariner 10: the cloud-covered planet in data from NASA’s Mariner 10 spacecraft, newly processed in 2020 (left, natural contrast, view of the pair)Public domain (NASA/JPL image use policy: https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/jpl-image-use-policy/)NASA/JPL-Caltech
    The full Moon photographed from the Apollo 11 spacecraft on its way home, July 1969 (AS11-44-6667)Public domain (NASA media usage guidelines: https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/)NASA
    Global Color Views of Mars (NASA/JPL/USGS)Public domain (NASA/JPL image use policy: https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/jpl-image-use-policy/)NASA/JPL/USGS
    High Resolution Globe of Jupiter: a true-colour simulated view made from four Cassini images of 7 December 2000 projected onto a globePublic domain (NASA/JPL image use policy: https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/jpl-image-use-policy/)NASA/JPL/University of Arizona
    Saturn and its rings in natural colour, a mosaic of 126 Cassini images from October 2004Public domain (NASA/JPL image use policy: https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/jpl-image-use-policy/)NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute
    Uranus as seen by NASA’s Voyager 2 in 1986Public domain (NASA/JPL image use policy: https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/jpl-image-use-policy/)NASA/JPL-Caltech
    Neptune from the last whole-planet images taken by NASA’s Voyager 2 narrow-angle camera before closest approach, with the Great Dark SpotPublic domain (NASA/JPL image use policy: https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/jpl-image-use-policy/)NASA/JPL
    Comet 1P/Halley on 8 March 1986, Easter Island, International Halley WatchPublic domainNASA/W. Liller
    Comet 2P/Encke on 6 January 1961, 40-inch reflector of the U.S. Naval ObservatoryPublic domainElizabeth Roemer, U.S. Naval Observatory
    Comet 109P/Swift-Tuttle on 25 November 1992, Calar Alto Schmidt telescope (Heidelberg Digitized Astronomical Plates)CC0 1.0 (public domain dedication)Landessternwarte Heidelberg-Königstuhl
    Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko from Rosetta, 19 September 2014, navigation camera mosaicCC BY-SA 3.0 IGO (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/igo/); this resized copy is shared under the same licenceESA/Rosetta/NAVCAM, CC BY-SA IGO 3.0
    Comet 12P/Pons-Brooks on 5 March 2024CC0 1.0 (public domain dedication)Giuseppe Donatiello
    Comet Hale-Bopp (C/1995 O1) and the Milky Way, 10 March 1997CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)ESO/E. Slawik
    Comet Hyakutake (C/1996 B2) in March 1996, film photographCC0 1.0 (public domain dedication)Giuseppe Donatiello
    The tail of Comet McNaught (C/2006 P1) setting over the Pacific, seen from Paranal, 18 January 2007CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)ESO
    A Change of Seasons on Saturn: Saturn photographed by the Hubble Space Telescope in October 2000Public domain (NASA/JPL image use policy: https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/jpl-image-use-policy/)NASA and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA); R.G. French (Wellesley College), J. Cuzzi (NASA/Ames), L. Dones (SwRI), J. Lissauer (NASA/Ames)
    The Blue Marble: Earth seen by the Apollo 17 crew on the way to the Moon, 7 December 1972 (AS17-148-22727)Public domain (NASA media usage guidelines: https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/)NASA
    Solar System Montage (high-resolution 2001 version): planets photographed by spacecraft managed by NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (detail: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune)Public domain (NASA/JPL image use policy: https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/jpl-image-use-policy/)NASA/JPL
    Creative Photography - Sunrise: sunrise over the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, 15 July 2020Public domain (NASA media usage guidelines: https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/)NASA/Ben Smegelsky
    A Perseid meteor crosses the Milky Way in a 30-second exposure, Spruce Knob, West Virginia, 11 August 2021Public domain (NASA media usage guidelines: https://www.nasa.gov/nasa-brand-center/images-and-media/)NASA/Bill Ingalls

    Cómo se comprueban los cálculos

    En cada compilación se comparan los cálculos con estas fuentes primarias, y la compilación falla si un valor queda fuera de su tolerancia.

    UsoFuenteConcordancia
    Posiciones del Sol, la Luna y los planetas (20 ciudades, 24 fechas)NASA/JPL Horizons< 1′
    Salida, paso por el meridiano y puesta del Sol y la LunaNASA/JPL Horizons≤ 2 min
    Fases de la Luna, equinoccios y solsticios, de 2026 a 2035US Naval Observatory, Astronomical Applications API≤ 1.5 min
    Eclipses solares y lunares, de 2026 a 2035NASA GSFC eclipse tables (Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus, Five Millennium Canon)≤ 1 min
    Cometas y asteroides a partir de elementos orbitales del JPLNASA/JPL Small-Body Database and Horizons< 5′
    Franja del eclipse solar total del 2 de agosto de 2027: línea central y límitesNASA GSFC eclipse web site, Fred Espenak: path of the total solar eclipse of 2027 Aug 02≤ 3 km / 5 km
    Horas de contacto locales de eclipses solares (eclipses de 2017 a 2026)US Naval Observatory, Astronomical Applications API (solar eclipse local circumstances)≤ 10 s

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